Misc fixes; Update index; Add meson to compiling note

content/notes/compiling.md

@@ -64,16 +64,50 @@ gcc -o hello hello.c -lcs50
 ## Make
 
 `Make` Is a build automation tool that automates the process of compiling, linking and building executables.  
-An example `Makefile` could look like the following:
+An example `Makefile` (for an app using `GTK4`) could be as follows:
 
 ```Makefile
-hello:
-	gcc -o hello hello.c -lcs50
+CC = gcc
+CFLAGS = $(shell pkg-config --cflags gtk4)
+LIBS = $(shell pkg-config --libs gtk4)
+
+hello: hello.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o hello hello.c $(LIBS) -O2
+
+debug: hello.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o hello hello.c $(LDFLAGS) -Wall -Wextra -Og -g
+
 clean:
 	rm -f hello
 ```
 
 ```Shell
 make       # Compiles hello.c
+make debug # Compiles hello.c using debug flags
 make clean # Removes the executable (hello) generated by the make command.
 ```
+
+## Meson
+
+While `make` automates compiling, on larger projects, makefiles can grow hard to read quickly, and dependency resolution has to be done using external tools (such as `pkg-config`).
+
+Meson is a more modern alternative, which is faster, and uses declarative syntax (describe *what* to build, instead of *how* to build it). Meson can automatically manage dependencies, header files, and compiler flags.
+
+When `meson` is executed, it generates a `ninja.build` file, which is then parsed by `ninja`, a lower-level build tool.
+
+```meson.build
+project('hello', 'c')
+
+gtk4_dep = dependency('gtk4')
+
+executable('hello', 'hello.c',
+           dependencies: gtk4_dep)
+```
+
+```bash
+mkdir build
+meson setup build      # Generate files for Ninja in the build dir
+meson compile -C build # Compile the project (same as `ninja -C build`)
+./build/hello
+ninja clean -C build   # Clean executable files in the build directory
+```